Contour 2013
LEISURE, DISCIPLINE AND PUNISHMENT
The 6th edition of Contour, Biennial of Moving Image, took place at four main exhibition venues in Mechelen: the prison, the KV Mechelen stadium, the historical church of Our Lady-across-the-Dyle, and the Court of Busleyden. These venues served as sources of inspiration, convergence points for selecting artists and works, and spaces for thinking about the exhibition and public space in general. They were all in use as public or semi-public buildings in the urban center of Mechelen and its surroundings.
Prisons, stadiums, churches, and museums are common in most large cities, each serving very specific purposes in society. Despite the differences in use, these institutions share a common denominator: rules and regulations that define them. Each building has its participants and regular uses. Within these institutions, people implement rules and regulations, which empower some and make others feel powerless. Social codes and behavioral patterns exist in fan culture, religious ceremonies, and among prisoners, consisting of songs, rituals, and daily routines. Thus, these spaces already have built-in audiences.
In this exhibition, the church, the prison, and the stadium were seen as a connected trinity. The three words of the exhibition title, Leisure, Discipline, and Punishment, were linked, not to any specific venue but as a broader theme to explore these institutions, their possibilities, constraints, social functions, and relations within society. The exhibition asked how institutional buildings affect daily life and behaviors, how they are experienced, and what they mean to individuals.
Curator: Jacob Fabricius
Artists: Søren Andreasen, Sven Augustijnen, Petra Bauer, Sonia Boyce, Alejandro Cesarco, Keren Cytter, Josef Dabernig, Gustaaf De Bruyne, Jos de Gruyter & Harald Thys, Carl De Keyzer, Edgardo Aragón Díaz, Harun Farocki, Paul Hendrikse, Louise Hervé & Chloé Maillet, Judith Hopf, Marine Hugonnier, Liz Magic Laser, Pernille With Madsen, Pablo Pijnappel & Giles Bailey, Agnieszka Polska, Mark Raidpere, Marinella Senatore, David Shrigley, Dario Šolman, Sarah Vanhee, Peter Wächtler
Writers: Arne Dahl, Anders Fogh Jensen
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LOCATIONS
COURT OF BUSLEYDEN
The Hof van Busleyden (Court of Busleyden) was built at the beginning of the sixteenth century for Hiëronymus van Busleyden, ecclesiastical jurist and member of the Great Council, the highest court of law in the Netherlands at the time. He was also a Maecenas and humanist and a friend of Erasmus and Thomas More. The building was designed by Rombout II Keldermans, who hailed from a distinguished family of master builders. Between 1619 and the First World War the building served as the ‘Berg van Barmhartigheid’ or ‘Mount Charity’, which lent money interest-free to the poor. Most of the building was destroyed during the war, leaving only the walls standing. It was rebuilt and in 1938 it became the municipal museum.
ARTISTS & WORKS
Søren Andreasen works with drawings, etchings, and printmaking, often combining abstract images with texts on art, politics, and social contexts. Rather than conveying direct meaning, his work explores how art shapes thought and behavior. Mass and Order (2013) consists of five posters and 12 linocuts placed in diverse locations. Inspired by graphic design, Andreasen detaches visual symbols from their traditional narrative roles, allowing forms to exist independently and dynamically, free from predetermined meaning, thus redefining their presence in time and space.

Sven Augustijnen explores the boundaries between documentary and fiction through film essays and political documentaries. His work questions historiography, examining how reality is constructed through stories, images, and fiction. Old News #13 (2011–2013) is a newspaper project reflecting on media, information, and news recycling. Augustijnen curated articles from August 2011 to August 2013, reorganizing news through his perspective. The evolving installation allows him to add new clippings throughout the exhibition. Old News also includes selections by other artists, inviting viewers to engage with different approaches to reinterpreting media narratives.

Petra Bauer is an artist and filmmaker exploring political, cultural, and social traditions, focusing on gender, ethnicity, and class. She examines power structures in everyday situations and uses film to address social and political issues. In Choreography for the Giants (2013), Bauer investigates the Mechelen Ommegang, a historic procession held every 25 years. Through a publication and a video installation (in collaboration with Marius Dybwad Brandrud), she critically examines how organizers strive to represent Mechelen’s diverse society in this world heritage event.
Sonia Boyce emerged in the 1980s as a key figure in black British art, exploring racial and gender identity. Her practice evolved in the 1990s to focus on multimedia and collaboration, using art as social interaction. Move (2013), an 11’33” video, examines Göteborg’s underground nightclub scene in the 1980s and the 2001 anti-globalization protests. Boyce invited dancers to improvise responses to these histories, exploring how spaces enable or hinder collective action. The film blends performances, an immersive soundtrack, and reconstructed nightclub imagery to evoke past and present debates.
Alejandro Cesarco explores narrative, reading, and translation through prints, books, photography, video, and installations. His work examines how words and images gain meaning through context and personal experience, emphasizing storytelling as a way to create order and understanding. Musings (2013) is a video featuring anecdotes on dreams, fate, and creativity, drawn from authors like Sontag and Bergman, evoking a 1960s atmosphere. The Reader (2011) is a slideshow on crime fiction, where viewers take on the role of detective, engaging with fragmented narratives and unresolved mysteries.
Keren Cytter explores human relationships and dramatic conventions through film, video, performance, and drawing. Inspired by her own life and that of her friends, her work examines love, desire, and miscommunication while disrupting conventional storytelling. Something Happened (2007) reinterprets Natalia Ginzburg’s È stato così, blending Hollywood melodrama with documentary aesthetics. Corrections (2013) follows a guilt-ridden man, using repetitive camera movements and deconstructed storytelling to question narrative dependence. Cytter’s unconventional use of actors, dialogue, and editing creates emotionally charged yet self-aware films that challenge cinematic expectations and explore the artifice of human interactions.
Josef Dabernig has been active as an artist since the late 1970s, working with photography, objects, texts, architecture, and film. His films, often set in former East Bloc countries, explore modern decline through absurd scenarios, portraying human behavior in decaying public spaces. Wisla (1996) follows a football coach and his assistant in an empty stadium, with artificial crowd noise, highlighting aggression and power dynamics. Sports Ground Panorama 5 in Gyumri (2008–2013) is a photograph of an Armenian football school, reflecting post-earthquake resilience. Excursus on Fitness (2010) depicts six actors performing isolated exercises, questioning physical discipline and the body’s role in different life stages. Dabernig’s work examines the intersections of sport, space, and human behavior.
Gustaaf De Bruyne (1914–1981) was a Belgian artist known for his paintings, drawings, etchings, and engravings. He studied in Mechelen and Antwerp before teaching at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp. His work evolved from realism and expressionism to surrealism, often reflecting on life, death, and human self-destruction. Contour presents Melancholia (1949) and Nieuwjaarswensen (1954–1977), a series of 24 burin engravings marking each new year. Curator Jacob Fabricius discovered De Bruyne’s work alongside archival postcards and photographs, drawing connections between his prints and themes of theatre, discipline, and punishment, reminiscent of James Ensor’s Christ’s Entry Into Brussels (1889).
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Jos de Gruyter and Harald Thys have collaborated for over 25 years, creating films, photography, sculptures, and installations featuring marginalized, surreal characters. Their work blends burlesque simplicity with dark humor, offering critical reflections on artistic identity and human social behavior. The Brown of Mechelen (2013), a video installation, mirrors their earlier audio play Brigitte Pannecoucke. An anonymous narrator discusses topics like poisonous snakes and travel, interwoven with jokes and riddles, while atmospheric footage of Mechelen in 2013 unfolds in the background.
Carl De Keyzer is a Belgian photographer and Magnum member since 1994, known for his large-scale documentary projects. His work explores themes of societal collapse, covering subjects like India (1985), the Soviet Union’s fall (1989), and remnants of Belgian colonialism (2009). Zona (2003) documents life in 35 Siberian prison camps, once Stalinist gulags, now housing a million inmates. Captured over multiple visits (2000–2002), his 243 images reveal a hidden world of forced labor and survival, highlighting the enduring impact of historical oppression in these isolated, harsh environments.
Edgardo Aragón Díaz’s work intertwines collective and personal memory, reflecting on past events through remakes and films that blend family stories and social issues in Mexico, particularly in Oaxaca. His approach replaces moral judgments with emotional ties, offering a unique perspective on themes often represented in the media. In Hunter (2013), he highlights the contrast between immigrants' lives and zoo animals’ protected existence. In Family Effects (2007-2009), Aragón Díaz uses re-enactments of family history by children, touching on themes of corruption, crime, and social stigmas, underscoring the lasting impact of his family's turbulent past.
Harun Farocki (1944–2014) was a German filmmaker and media artist, renowned for his experimental documentaries on political and social issues. His work, which includes over a hundred films, integrates his own material with mass media footage, surveillance, and propaganda films. How to Live in the FRG (1990) is a notable example, depicting 32 episodes filmed during various training sessions in West Germany, exploring autonomy and the extent to which personal roles are shaped by societal systems. Farocki’s films remain critical, thought-provoking works in both cinema and historical documentation.

Paul Hendrikse’s work explores the intersection of historiography and fiction, focusing on microhistories rather than grand narratives. He rejects simple, authoritative representations of history, often conducting detailed research for his performances, publications, installations, and audiovisual works. In the audiovisual installation The Twelfth Man (2013), Hendrikse examines the influence of football fans on players, creating musical scores from the sounds, gestures, and movements of KV Mechelen supporters. In the notebook Writing Over, Over (2009), he reflects on South African author Ingrid Jonker’s life, highlighting the challenges of uncovering the true identity of a writer whose legacy has been shaped by external interpretations.

Louise Hervé and Chloé Maillet are French artists known for their interdisciplinary practice, blending historical facts, fiction, and new realities through films, installations, and performative conferences. Their works explore the "archaeology of knowledge," merging scientific discourse with personal narratives. A Treatise on Baths (2013) is an installation involving slide projections, researching historical events like the freezing of a colonel and Incan freeze-drying methods. The Waterway (2013) is a film set in a French spa resort, blending underwater archaeology, rejuvenation treatments, and the search for immortality, creating a speculative and associative narrative.
Judith Hopf explores how power structures and social conventions shape and alienate individuals, focusing on the human body as a medium of expression and interaction. Her video work blends personal experience, political views, and critical theory. Some End of Things: The Conception of Youth (2011) humorously depicts a figure dressed as an egg, symbolizing societal exclusion due to non-conformity. Zählen! (2008) features a horse performing arithmetic, based on the "Clever Hans" phenomenon, revealing how external cues influence behavior. Hopf’s work critiques intolerance, social pressures, and the physical and psychological boundaries that define identity.
Marine Hugonnier, a French artist based in London, works with films, installations, collages, and photographs, exploring how images shape our view of the world. Her work emphasizes that images are never neutral, always reflecting political, historical, or cultural influences. She views landscapes as a form of cultural mediation, influencing and being influenced by history. In Apicula Enigma (2013), filmed in Austria's Carniola region, she explores the metaphor of the beehive as a camera obscura, using the nature documentary genre to reflect on the hidden content of the hive, symbolizing the world as a whole.
Liz Magic Laser's work blurs the boundaries between theatre, performance, and video, often set in semi-public spaces like banks, cinemas, and newsrooms. She explores the hidden mechanisms in political speeches, films, and literary texts, often combining live performance with technology like streaming. In Flight (2011), Laser stages a performance in Times Square, referencing iconic film scenes of chases and fights, contrasting cinema’s revolutionary struggle with personal trauma. Prison Score (2012) presents a video installation in Mechelen prison, pairing film posters with choreographed movements, exploring hysteria and emotional expression through prison film scenes.
Pernille With Madsen is a Danish artist who uses video, photography, and installation to explore architectural spaces and their transformative qualities. Her work often disorients viewers by collapsing familiar structures into alien, unfamiliar forms. In Dissolve (2010), she creates a dizzying experience with shifting camera movements that obscure the boundaries of space, leaving the audience in a state of spatial uncertainty. Untitled - Stands (2013) blurs the scale of mock-ups and real images of a stadium, merging abstraction with architectural detail. In collaboration with Yvette Brackman, Foreign Material (2013) presents a spinning papier-mâché globe, symbolizing bureaucratic power and inertia. Madsen’s work reflects themes of disorientation and the collapse of familiar structures.
Pablo Pijnappel and Giles Bailey collaborate on works that merge narrative and performance, often blending fact with fiction. Pijnappel, known for creating enigmatic stories through film and slide projections, examines memory, history, and the instability of personal and collective narratives. His works are often autobiographical, like Nima (2013), a story in postcard installments interweaving personal history with broader tales. Bailey, a performance artist, explores the reinterpretation of texts and histories in his performances. Their joint project The Playmakers (2013) involves inmates from Mechelen prison, using experimental theatre and oral history techniques to create a collective narrative. Lucas (2013) is a sound installation based on a confessional monologue, inspired by Julio Cortázar’s novel, exploring the complexity of memory and identity. Their works emphasize narrative fragmentation and the reshaping of personal and historical stories.
Agnieszka Polska's work explores how past and present actions influence each other. Through videos and animations, she references forgotten or significant 20th-century artists, appropriating their identities to pay tribute. In Future Days (2013), a blend of animation and live-action filmed on the Swedish island of Gotland, Polska creates a fictitious “afterworld for artists” where key figures from the 20th century and forgotten Polish artists interact. Wearing masks of their characters, they engage in ironic discussions, commenting on art and exposing the limitations of human knowledge, mixing humor with melancholy.
Mark Raidpere, initially a fashion photographer, shifted to art in 1997, focusing on his biography and themes of marginality, violence, and inner struggle. Since 2001, he has worked primarily as a filmmaker, exploring sexuality, loneliness, and tragedy. In his video 10 Men (2003), Raidpere captures ten inmates in an Estonian prison, using static shots and slow motion to evoke both fear and empathy. The prisoners’ tough appearances are juxtaposed with a melancholic lullaby, prompting viewers to question whether they are brutal criminals or victims of society.
David Shrigley is renowned for his humorous, direct drawings that offer witty, often ironic observations on everyday life. His work features spelling mistakes and inaccuracies, adding spontaneity and critique of the absurdity of society. For Contour, Shrigley created posters outlining the rules of the prison, church, and stadium, emphasizing the importance of rules in a chaotic modern world. His short animation films, Conveyor Belt, Headless Drummer, and New Friends (2006-2012), combine humor with existential themes like life, death, love, and hatred, using simple line drawings to depict absurd scenarios and satire.
Dario Šolman, a Croatian artist, has spent over a decade working on The Heart of Perspective, the Making of the Film, a series of multimedia projects exploring modern-day relationships with art, culture, politics, and other societal systems. His visual language blends symbolism and geometry with various elements. Target Orbit (2013), part of this larger project, is a digital animation film inspired by architecture, technology, nature, science fiction, and more. The work encourages viewers to reflect on how they perceive and experience art, offering a deeper exploration into the nature of visual representation.
Sarah Vanhee works across performance, visual art, and literature, creating fluid, temporary spaces that challenge existing paradigms. Her projects confront societal systems with absurd, utopian, or poetic ideas, offering alternative perspectives. I Screamed and I Screamed and I Screamed (2013) is an installation with video, sound, and performance, developed with inmates at Mechelen prison. Vanhee disrupts the sterile anonymity of the prison by amplifying the voices of its inhabitants, challenging the silent, obedient bodies within and questioning the normalizing influence of society.
Peter Wächtler works across sculpture, drawing, animation, sound, and video, exploring genres and common narratives, particularly focusing on themes of empathy, education, and oppression. His work often includes writing and examines the dynamics between groups, such as a "team of animals." In Untitled (2013), Wächtler presents four clay sculptures of animals carrying bricks, alongside a stop-motion animation of black wire creatures violently interacting. The piece highlights his use of rudimentary, abrupt animation and explores the tensions and roles within organized groups. He is a member of the Etablissement d'en face platform and co-founder of Sotoso.
MECHELEN PRISON
Built in 1874, Mechelen prison has a star-shaped structure typical of that period. Initially it served as a House of Detention for the judicial district of Mechelen, but the condemned and repeat offenders were also housed here. This all-male prison has a capacity of 84 inmates, but in practice it holds on average 121. The building consists of three wings: one for the serious offenders, one for suspects and one for ten prisoners who enjoy a slightly suppler regime. The majority of the inmates remain in their cells and mutual contact is restricted to a few communal activities.
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ARTISTS & WORKS
The Playmakers (2013) by Pablo Pijnappel & Giles Bailey is a live performance where different individuals, such as prison staff or former inmates, read monologues from prisoners involved in a workshop.
David Shrigley’s Rules of the Prison (2013) features posters listing humorous and absurd rules.
Søren Andreasen’s Mass and Order (2013) consists of four linocuts, displayed within the prison building but not for public viewing. Each work engages with themes of authority, institutional control, and personal expression, offering reflections on the prison experience.
MECHELEN FOOTBALL CLUB STADIUM
Football club KV Mechelen was founded in 1904, when it was known as the Football Club Malinois. In the early days the team was made up almost exclusively of students from the Catholic University of Leuven.This helped feed the rivalry between Malinois and Mechelen’s other club, Racing Mechelen, also founded in 1904. KV Mechelen, which acquired its Flemish name in 1970, enjoyed its most successful spell at the end of the 1980s.
ARTISTS & WORKS
Josef Dabernig, Sports Ground Panorama 5 in Gyumri - Levon Ishtoyan Football School (2008-2013, photo print on the windows of the cafeteria)
Pernille With Madsen, Untitled - Stands (2013, video installation)
David Shrigley, Conveyer Belt, Headless Drummer en New Friends (2006-2012, animation films)
animation films, black & white, sound, 5’15”
David Shrigley, Rules of the Stadium (2013, posters)
Søren Andreasen, Mass and Order (2013, 4 linocuts in the business class section of the stadium)

CHURCH OF OUR LADY-ACROSS-THE-DYLE
Like St Rumbold’s Cathedral, this is an outstanding example of Brabantine Gothic, built in stages between the fourteenth and the late-sixteenth century. The church was badly damaged by the German invasion and by allied bombing during the two world wars. Its appearance today is the result of renovations in the 1960s and at the beginning of this century. The tower houses a carillon with some fifty bells. Trade guilds used to have altars here. One such was the fishmongers’ guild which commissioned Peter Paul Rubens to paint the powerful polyptych depicting the Bible story of the Miraculous Draught of Fishes (1619). This church is home to an active Roman Catholic community.
ARTISTS & WORKS
Søren Andreasen, Mass and Order (2013, 4 linocuts)
Alejandro Cesarco, The Reader (2011, installation with slide show)
Keren Cytter, Corrections (2013, video)
Josef Dabernig, Excursus on Fitness (2010, video)
Edgardo Aragón Díaz, Family Effects (2007-2009, video)
Paul Hendrikse, Writing Over Over (2009, notebook)
Louise Hervé & Chloé Maillet, The Waterway (2013, video)
Pernille With Madsen & Yvette Brackman, Foreign Material (2013, papier-mâché, chain, motor)
Pablo Pijnappel, Lucas (2013, sound installation)
David Shrigley, Rules of the Church (2013, posters)
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PARTNERS
Europe - Culture Programme 2007-2012 / Vlaamse Gemeenschap / Provincie Antwerpen / Stad Mechelen
Duvel / Eidotech / Martin’s Patershof / Willemen
Pools Instituut / Deense Kunstraad / Deens Cultureel Instituut / De Ambassade van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
Cobra.be / Klara / Klasse / Metropolis M
Aorta / Beeldzorg / Kontrimo / Mindeddesign & Sfumato / Mixx / Stijn Swinnen
Vestry Board For The Preservation Of Our Lady-Across-The-Dyle / Mechelen Prison / Mechelen Football Club / Stedelijke Musea Mechelen
Air / Campo / Cjp / Cultuurcentrum Mechelen / De Zondvloed / Europese Jeugdkaart / Filmhuis Mechelen / Interieur & Design Thomas More / Liaf / Lerarenkaart / Liaf / Mechelenbinnenstebuiten / Nona / O.C.A.M. / Pork Salad Press / Stedelijke Academie Voor Beeldende Kunsten / Stokroos / Uit In Mechelen / Toerisme Mechelen / Vormingplus Regio Mechelen
Liverpool Biennial / Göteborg International Biennial For Contemporary Art / Ljubljana Biennial Of Graphic Arts